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Tomcat 部署步骤
- 下载 Apache Tomcat
检查JDK是否已配置
java -version（先决条件）
```bash cd /home/ctm/software wget https://downloads.apache.org/tomcat/tomcat-8/v8.5.90/bin/apache-tomcat-8.5.90.tar.gz ```
2. 解压并安装 Apache Tomcat
```bash mkdir -p /home/ctm/evn tar xvf apache-tomcat-8*tar.gz -C /home/ctm/evn/tomcat --strip-components=1 ```
3. 设置环境变量
在 `~/.bash_profile` 文件中添加以下内容： ```bash export CATALINA_HOME=/home/ctm/evn/tomcat ``` 并执行以下命令来立即生效： ```bash source ~/.bash_profile ```
4. 创建一个新用户和组
```bash sudo groupadd tomcat sudo useradd -s /bin/false -g tomcat -d /home/ctm/evn/tomcat tomcat ```
5. 更改新创建的 Tomcat 目录的所有权
```bash sudo chown -R tomcat:tomcat /home/ctm/evn/tomcat ```
6. 创建一个新的 systemd 服务单元文件
```bash sudo vim /etc/systemd/system/tomcat.service ``` **填充以下内容:(路径按需调整)** ```ini [Unit] Description=Apache Tomcat Web Application Container After=network.target [Service] Type=forking User=tomcat Group=tomcat ExecStart=/home/ctm/evn/tomcat/bin/startup.sh ExecStop=/home/ctm/evn/tomcat/bin/shutdown.sh UMask=0007 RestartSec=10 Restart=always [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target ```
7. 启动并检查服务的状态
```bash sudo systemctl daemon-reload sudo systemctl start tomcat sudo systemctl status tomcat ``` > 也可以通过访问8080端口检查:`http://IP:8080`，出现tomacat介绍页面则表示服务启动成功 > > 如果查看状态报错，启动失败，可以查看详细信息：`sudo journalctl -xe` > > 比如我这个报错就是指启动系统服务被SELinux拦截的问题：
bash[root@bytter-centos-s-4vcpu-8gb-sgp1-01 bin]# sudo systemctl status tomcat
● tomcat.service - Apache Tomcat Web Application Container
Loaded: loaded (/etc/systemd/system/tomcat.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: activating (auto-restart) (Result: exit-code) since Tue 2023-06-13 02:12:16 UTC; 15ms ago
Process: 30656 ExecStart=/home/ctm/evn/tomcat/bin/startup.sh (code=exited, status=203/EXEC)
6月 13 02:12:16 bytter-centos-s-4vcpu-8gb-sgp1-01 systemd[1]: Failed to start Apache Tomcat Web Application Container.
[root@bytter-centos-s-4vcpu-8gb-sgp1-01 bin]# sudo chown -R tomcat:tomcat /home/ctm/evn/tomcat
[root@bytter-centos-s-4vcpu-8gb-sgp1-01 bin]# sudo systemctl start tomcat
Job for tomcat.service failed because the control process exited with error code.
See "systemctl status tomcat.service" and "journalctl -xe" for details.
[root@bytter-centos-s-4vcpu-8gb-sgp1-01 bin]# sudo systemctl status tomcat
● tomcat.service - Apache Tomcat Web Application Container
Loaded: loaded (/etc/systemd/system/tomcat.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: activating (auto-restart) (Result: exit-code) since Tue 2023-06-13 02:12:47 UTC; 5s ago
Process: 30750 ExecStart=/home/ctm/evn/tomcat/bin/startup.sh (code=exited, status=203/EXEC)
[root@bytter-centos-s-4vcpu-8gb-sgp1-01 bin]# sudo journalctl -xe
-- Subject: 进程 /home/ctm/evn/tomcat/bin/startup.sh 无法执行
-- Defined-By: systemd
-- Support: https://access.redhat.com/support
--
-- 进程 /home/ctm/evn/tomcat/bin/startup.sh 无法被执行并已失败。
--
-- 该进程返回的错误代码为 13。
6月 13 02:12:57 bytter-centos-s-4vcpu-8gb-sgp1-01 systemd[1]: tomcat.service: Control process exited, code=exited status=203
6月 13 02:12:57 bytter-centos-s-4vcpu-8gb-sgp1-01 systemd[1]: tomcat.service: Failed with result 'exit-code'.
-- Subject: Unit failed
-- Defined-By: systemd
-- Support: https://access.redhat.com/support
--
-- The unit tomcat.service has entered the 'failed' state with result 'exit-code'.
6月 13 02:12:57 bytter-centos-s-4vcpu-8gb-sgp1-01 systemd[1]: Failed to start Apache Tomcat Web Application Container.
-- Subject: tomcat.service 单元已失败
-- Defined-By: systemd
-- Support: https://access.redhat.com/support
--
-- tomcat.service 单元已失败。
--
-- 结果为“failed”。
6月 13 02:12:57 bytter-centos-s-4vcpu-8gb-sgp1-01 setroubleshoot[26304]: AnalyzeThread.run(): Cancel pending alarm
6月 13 02:12:57 bytter-centos-s-4vcpu-8gb-sgp1-01 setroubleshoot[26304]: SELinux is preventing /usr/lib/systemd/systemd from execute access on the file startup.>
6月 13 02:12:57 bytter-centos-s-4vcpu-8gb-sgp1-01 setroubleshoot[26304]: SELinux is preventing /usr/lib/systemd/systemd from execute access on the file startup.>
***** Plugin catchall (100. confidence) suggests **************************
If you believe that systemd should be allowed execute access on the startup.sh file by>
Then you should report this as a bug.
You can generate a local policy module to allow this access.
Do
allow this access for now by executing:
# ausearch -c '(artup.sh)' --raw | audit2allow -M my-artupsh
# semodule -X 300 -i my-artupsh.pp
6月 13 02:12:57 bytter-centos-s-4vcpu-8gb-sgp1-01 setroubleshoot[26304]: AnalyzeThread.run(): Set alarm timeout to 10
6月 13 02:12:58 bytter-centos-s-4vcpu-8gb-sgp1-01 sudo[30824]: root : TTY=pts/1 ; PWD=/home/ctm/evn/tomcat/bin ; USER=root ; COMMAND=/bin/journalctl -xe
6月 13 02:12:58 bytter-centos-s-4vcpu-8gb-sgp1-01 sudo[30824]: pam_systemd(sudo:session): Cannot create session: Already running in a session or user slice
6月 13 02:12:58 bytter-centos-s-4vcpu-8gb-sgp1-01 sudo[30824]: pam_unix(sudo:session): session opened for user root by (uid=0)
lines 2686-2725/2725 (END)
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如果遇到 SELinux 问题
您可以暂时禁用 SELinux，但这应该被视为临时解决方案：
bashsudo setenforce 0然后尝试再次启动您的服务：
bashsudo systemctl start tomcat sudo systemctl status tomcat -
如果服务启动正常，记得重新开启 SELinux
bashsudo setenforce 1 -
关闭系统自启动
如果不想自启动，改为手动启动模式，则只需要关闭系统注册的tomcat服务
```bash # 禁用 sudo systemctl disable tomcat # 启用 sudo systemctl enable tomcat ```
手动启动命令如下：
```bash sudo systemctl start tomcat ```
如果对你有用的话，可以打赏哦
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本文作者:Golovin
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